使用笔记前，请先阅读《关于“志萍版老友记英语笔记”的说明》。
语法归纳：
1.重要节日：
New Year's=New Year’s day 新年（1月1日）(110)
Valentine’s day 情人节 （2月14日）
Easter 复活节 （每年春分过去,第一次月圆后的第一个星期日）
Halloween 万圣节（10月31日）
Thanksgiving=Thinksgiving day感恩节（11月的最后一个星期四）(109)
Christmas day （12月25日）(110)
Chanukah (犹太教的)献殿节,光明节(每年12月左右,为期8天)
2. man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：a woman driver, women drivers; a man worker,men workers
104.Chandler: We'll take a brief time out while Messier stops to look at some women's shoes.
3.could have +过去分词 表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜，遗憾
104.Chandler: (to Joey) Could've been a peach.
104.Joey:There was a whole bunch of stuff we could've done tonight!
104.Monica: Could've played Monopoly, but nooooo.
4. 现在完成时的构成：“have(has)+过去分词”，有“继续” “经验” “完成”“结果”等用法。
1. 表示“继续”意义的现在完成时，说明从过去某时开始的动作,状态，一直持续到现在，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know, stay, want。
103.Phoebe: Yeah- no- I'm just- it's, I haven't worked- It's my bank.
103.Monica: I mean, there's really no easy way to say this.. uh.. I've decided to break up with Alan.
104.Monica: Um, they say there's been some unusual activity on your account. (have/has been 表达的意思比较复杂，要注意上下文及句子情景。在这里是继续。)
104.Rachel: But I haven't used my card in weeks!
表示继续的现在完成时，常和下列时间状语连用：
(1) a."for+时间"，for后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字，也可以是泛指的时间如a long time, several days，some time
103.Ross: You've been so good, for three years!
104.Chandler :we've been here for over an hour…
b."for+时间"并不只是在完成时连用，别的时态也用，但意思不一样。
(2) since+过去某时
a."since+表示过去时间的词"，since是介词。
b. “since +句子(过去时)”，此过去时的句子相当于since+表示过去的时间，只不过用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态，此时since是连词。
(3)"how long… "，回答How long +have(has)+主语+过去分词…?这样的现在完成时的问句时，常用for…和since的句子。但和"for+时间"一样，how long 也不仅仅用于完成时，它可以用于其它时态。
(4) 其它：
a.always，often，these days可以和完成时连用，也可以和别的时态连用。
101.Rachel: It's like, it's like, all of my life, everyone has always told me….
102.Mr. Geller: Don't listen to your mother. You're independent, and you always have been!
b.recently, lately表示包括现在在内的时间，所以常常和现在完成时连用。
102.Rachel: Y'know, as someone who's recently been- dumped?
c.so far=up to now，till (until now)两者皆和现在密切关联，所以往往用现在完成时。
2.表示“经验”意义的现在完成时，说明从过去起到现在的经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过或做过的事情。
102.Rachel: Has anybody seen my engagement ring?
103.Paula: Listen. As someone who's seen more than her fair share of bad beef, I'll tell you: that is not such a terrible thing. I mean, they're your friends, they're just looking out after you.
104.Monica: I swear I've seen birds do this on Wild Kingdom.
104.Chandler: So in your whole life, you've only been with one—(He gets a look too)—oh. (have/has been 表达的意思比较复杂，要注意上下文及句子情景。在这里是经验。)
104.Joey: Man. Can you believe he's only had sex with one woman?
表示经验的现在完成时，常和下列时间状语连用：
(1) 置于句中的时间状语：often, ever, never
这些副词的位置是固定的，要放在助动词have(has)的后，过去分词的前：主语+have(has)+副词+过去分词
101.Rachel: Isn't this amazing? I mean, I have never made coffee before in my entire life.
102.Barry: More than I've ever wanted to hurt anyone in my life.
(2) 放在句末的时间状语：表频率的副词，before；once；twice；~times；many times
3.表示“完成”的用法：“完成”的意思是“刚做完……”或“做完了……”表示过去开始的动作，现在刚刚结束。
用于表示“完成”的（副词）时间状语：
(1) 置于句中的副词：already，just
101.Phoebe:…Then I've already seen this one! (Turns off the TV.)
102.Phoebe: She's already fluffed that pillow… Monica, you know, you've already fluffed that- (Monica glares at her.) -but, it's fine!
(2)放在句未的副词：yet (在疑问句中yet可译为“已经”, , not yet常常用来代替否定句）
102.Barry: Careful! They haven't quite taken yet.（在否定句中可译为 "还没有"）
4.表示“结果”的用法：“结果”的意思为“做了……（现在是其结果）”。表示过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。表示结果的现在完成时，往往不必用时间状语。
表结果的现在完成时常用动词make,become,go,come,lose,grow,sell,buy,fall
5. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成进行时构成have/has been + 现在分词
(1) 在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。
104.Rachel: Oh, yeah, no, I know, I-I haven't been using it much.
(2) 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。
104.Phoebe: Right- where we've been looking all night!
图文详释：
1. Rangers-Penguins, tonight at the Garden
(1) The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York, New York, U.S.A. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Playing their home games at Madison Square Garden, the Rangers are one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1925 as an expansion franchise and are part of the group of teams referred to as the Original Six. The Rangers have won the Stanley Cup four times, most recently in 1994.
The New York Rangers' team colors are Blue, Red and White.
(2)The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL).
(3) Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, known colloquially simply as The Garden, has been the name of four arenas in New York City, United States. It is also the name of the entity which owns the arena and several of the professional sports franchises which play there. There have been four incarnations of the arena. The first two were located at the Northeast corner of Madison Square (Madison Ave. & 26th St.) from which the arena derived its name. Subsequently a new 17,000-seat Garden (opened December 15, 1925) was built at 50th Street and 8th Avenue, and the current Garden (opened February 14, 1968) is at 7th Avenue between 31st and 33rd Streets, situated on top of Pennsylvania Station.
The arena lends its name to the Madison Square Garden Network, a cable television network that broadcasts most sporting events that are held in the Garden, as well as concerts and entertainment events that have taken place at the venue.
The current Madison Square Garden
2.The glass is half empty.
Is the glass half empty or half full? is a common expression, used rhetorically to indicate that a particular situation could be a cause for optimism (half full) or pessimism (half empty); or as a general litmus test to simply determine if an individual is an optimist or a pessimist. The purpose of the question is to demonstrate that the situation may be seen in different ways depending on one's point of view and that there may be opportunity in the situation as well as trouble.
3.a big foam finger
A foam hand, also known as a foam finger, is a sports paraphernalia item worn on the hand to show support for a particular team. The most common version resembles an oversized hand with an extended index finger. Usually the surface displays a silk-screened team name, logo, or other graphic or slogan, such as "We Are #1." Foam hands are made of open-celled foam; slits in their bases allow them to be worn.
4. Dairy Queen
Dairy Queen, abbreviated to DQ, is a global chain of ice-cream and fast-food restaurants. Its first location was founded in 1938 by John McCullough and since 1940 it has used a franchise system to expand its operations globally. Its largest franchisee is the Texas Dairy Queen Operating Council which runs the majority of DQ locations in the state of Texas.
5.Wild Kingdom
Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom, or simply Wild Kingdom, is an American television show that features wildlife and nature. It was originally produced from 1963 until 1988, and was revived in 2002. The show's second incarnation currently airs on Animal Planet in the U.S.
6.blobbies
blobbies就是我们吃旺旺雪饼的时候，上面那些无定形的白色糖霜，只不过片中是chocolate的。 (blob :drop of (esp thick)liquid; small round mass or spot of colour)
7.Twister
Twister is a game of physical skill produced by Hasbro Games.
The game includes a plastic sheet covered with large colored circles, which is spread out on the floor. Any number of people can play, though more than four is a tight fit.
The game has one spinner, divided into quarters by color; each quadrant specifies left foot, right foot, left hand, or right hand. After spinning, the combination is called; players must move the part to a matching location. No two people can have a part on the same circle (rules are different for more people). Due to the scarcity of colored circles, players will often be required to put themselves in unlikely or precarious positions, eventually resulting in someone's fall. The game is best played and more commonly played in barefeet to avoid falling.
8. Operation
Operation is a battery-operated game of physical skill that tests players' hand-eye co-ordination. Made by Milton Bradley, it has been in production since 1965, the year in which the game was invented by John Spinello.
There are two sets of cards: Doctor and Specialist cards. The Specialist cards are dealt out evenly amongst the players at the beginning of the game.
Players take turns to pick Doctor cards, which offer a cash payment for removing a particular ailment, using a pair of tweezers connected with wire to the board. If a player successfully removes the ailment they collect the amount shown on their card. However, if the tweezers touch the metal edge of the opening during the attempt (closing the circuit), a buzzer sounds, the patient's nose lights up red, and the player loses their turn. The player holding the Specialist card for that piece then has a try, getting double the fee if they succeed. Since there are times when the player drawing a certain Doctor card also holds the matching Specialist card, s/he can be tempted to purposely botch the first attempt, in order to succeed on the second try, for double value.
The winner is the player with the most money after all the pieces have been extracted.The game can be difficult, due to the shapes of the plastic ailments, and the fact the openings are scarcely larger than the ailments themselves.
9.Visa card
Visa, Inc., commonly called VISA, is an economic joint venture of 21,000 financial institutions that issue and market Visa products including credit and debit cards. The company was originally named Visa International Service Association. The name change occurred in the fall of 2007 as a part of VISA's restructuring and IPO plan. The company is based in San Francisco, California, USA.
10.Jack and the Beanstalk
Jack and the Beanstalk is an English fairy tale, closely associated with the tale of Jack the Giant Killer. It is known under a number of versions. Benjamin Tabart recorded the oldest known one in 1807, but Joseph Jacobs popularized it in English Fairy Tales (1890)[1]. Jacobs's version is most commonly reprinted today and is believed to more closely adhere to the oral versions than Tabart's, because it lacks the moralizing of that version.[2] The story was made into a play by Charles Ludlam.
11. George Stephanopoulos (wearing a stunning blue suit and a power tie)
George Robert Stephanopoulos (born February 10, 1961) is an American broadcaster and political adviser. He is currently ABC News's Chief Washington Correspondent and the host of ABC's Sunday morning news show This Week. Prior to joining ABC News, he was a senior political adviser to the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign of Bill Clinton and later became Clinton's communications director.
12. Snuffleupagus
Aloysius Snuffleupagus, more commonly known as Mr. Snuffleupagus or Snuffy, is one of the Muppet characters on the long-running educational television program for young children, Sesame Street. He resembles a woolly mammoth, without tusks or (visible) ears, and has a long thick pointed tail, similar in shape to that of a dinosaur or other reptile. He has long thick brown hair and a nose that drags along the ground. He is a friend of Big Bird and has a baby sister named Alice. He also attends Snufflegarten.
According to sources like the Sesame Workshop website and Sesame Street Unpaved, the character’s name is spelled “Snuffleupagus.” Many licensors, closed-captioners, and fans (including websites) misspell the word. Even The Jim Henson Company website errs, spelling the character’s name “Snuffulupagus.”
13.Big Bird
Big Bird is a full-body Muppet, featured on the children's television show Sesame Street, which airs on PBS. He is sometimes referred to as "Bird" by his friends.
Performed by Caroll Spinney since 1969, this big yellow bird can roller skate, ice skate, dance, sing, write poetry, draw and even ride a unicycle — pretty talented for a character described in the TV show's writer's guide as a 6-year-old bird. But despite this wide array of talents, he is prone to frequent misunderstandings, on one occasion even singing the alphabet as one big long word, pondering what it could ever mean (see ABC-DEF-GHI). He lives in a large nest behind the 123 Sesame Street Apartment and he has a teddy bear named Radar, which is a nod to Walter "Radar" O'Reilly of M*A*S*H, who had a teddy bear and was also lovably naive and innocent. Also, Radar was given to Big Bird by Gary Burghoff (who played Radar on M*A*S*H) when he guest starred on the show. Later on, however, it was said that Big Bird got the bear as a gift from Mr. Hooper.
14. pate
Pâté (cognate of pastry), a type of meat paste, terrine or pie
15. The Silence of the Lambs
Theatrical release poster
The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 Academy Award-winning horror/thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins. It is based on the novel by Thomas Harris, his second to feature Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Lecter on catching serial killer Buffalo Bill. The film won five Academy Awards including Best Picture.
Chandler 是说Ross戴的那个东西像《沉默的羔羊》这部电影里，防止汉尼拔“吃人”戴的面具。
16.(1)Finders keepers, losers weepers.
Finders, keepers is the doctrine that says when something is unowned or abandoned, whoever finds it can claim it (from an old Scottish saying "Finders keepers, losers weepers". )Of particular difficulty, of course, is how best to define when exactly something is unowned or abandoned, which can lead to legal or ethical disputes.
(2)I'm rubber you're glue,whatever (you said would bounce off me and stick to you.)
A riposte used when someone calls you a name. Indicates that whatever names or words someone uses in an attempt to offend or insult you, those words will bounce off you, and stick to the name-caller, indicating that he or she is actually indicative of the connotation he or she originally wanted to impart upon you.
17.Monopoly
Monopoly is a board game published by Parker Brothers, an imprint of Hasbro. Players compete to acquire wealth through stylized economic activity involving the buying, rental and trading of properties using play money, as players take turns moving around the board according to the roll of the dice. The game is named after the economic concept of monopoly, the domination of a market by a single provider.
According to Hasbro, since Charles Darrow patented the game in 1935, approximately 750 million people have played the game, making it "the most played (commercial) board game in the world." The 1999 Guinness Book of Records cited Hasbro's previous statistic of 500 million people having played Monopoly.Games Magazine has inducted Monopoly into its Hall of Fame.
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你做的事情非常非常有意义！
又学到新东西了,多谢分享~
姐姐。。。为什么只有四集啊！？
姐姐你好，
我想问个问题，你有时间的话帮我解释一下吧。
在一部电影里有个句子：I cut it since the last time I saw you.
根据since的用法：从句的动词是终止性动词的过去式时，从句表示的是从动作开始的那一刻起；从句的动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式时，从句表示从动作或状态结束的那一刻起。
这个句子中的saw应该是终止性动词的过去式，怎么理解啊？
我的问题好像有点foolish，见笑。
Tanks
你好。
你给我一个句子，我不知道电影的情节，不能确定你听录的是正确的，不好再给你解释语法了。
哦，明白。这样问是挺“突然”的。而且也可能是我听错了。呵呵～没关系
电影是《暮光之城之暮色》
剧情是前前段，Bella的父亲Charlie在接Bella去福克斯的路上和她聊天的对话：
Charlie：Your hair is longer.
Bella：I cut it since the last time I saw you.
Charlie：Guess it grew out again.
无论如何，谢谢了。
我会一直关注你的网站~
[...] 【原创】104.The One With George Stephanopoulos—Part3 （2010.8.14） [...]