外来词(borrowed words)是英语中不可缺少的组成部分，英语能够成为世界使用最广泛的语言，很大程
度上取决于其形成过程中大量地吸收了外来词来发展自己。外来词反映了不同的文化联系，丰富了英
语词汇，更加准确、形象和直观地反映新事物的内容，使英语更加国际化。
今天我们就来学习一下，英语中来自法语、西班牙语、日语、中文、意大利语、德语和拉丁语的外来词。
在《志萍版老友记英语笔记》中，这样的外来词共有108个。
一. 来自法语(from French)(共49个)
1. déjà vu
103.Phoebe: Wait, wait. I'm getting a déjà vu…No, I'm not.
déjà vu [ˌdeɪʒɑ ˈvu]: (from French) the feeling that you have previously experienced something which is happening
to you now (法语)似曾经历过的错觉，似曾相识，记忆错觉，旧事幻现
3. papier-mâché
108. Lowell: It's like Mardi Gras without the papier-mâché heads.
papier-mâché [ˌpeɪpər məˈʃeɪ]: (from French) a mixture of pieces of paper and glue. It can be made, while still
damp, into objects such as bowls, ornaments, and models. (法语)(用以制作碗、饰品和模型的)纸胶混合物
19. Crème de menthe
222. Phoebe: Or perhaps you'd like a Crème de menthe.
Crème de menthe [ˌkrɛm dəˈmɪnt]): (from French) a strong, sweet, alcoholic drink made with mint (法语)薄荷甜酒，
通常呈透明或绿色
21. croissant
307.Phoebe: Yeah. I can't say 'croissant'. [realizes] Oh, my God.
croissant [kwɑˈsɑnt]: (from French) a small sweet roll with a curved shape, eaten especially at breakfast (法语)牛角
面包
43. Béarnaise sauce
821.Sarah: Welcome to Introduction to Cooking. Now, before we start, can anyone tell me the
difference between a hollandaise and a Béarnaise sauce?
Béarnaise sauce [ˌbɛrˈneɪz sɔs]: (from French) a sauce which contains eggs and herbs (法语)贝尔内滋酱料，包含
蛋黄和黄油，另外还添加了青葱、雪维菜、龙蒿、胡椒籽等香料，通常搭配牛排食用。
45. entrée
905.Joey: Uh, can I make a special request? Can you bring everything as soon as it's ready?
Appetizers, entrées, we don't care.
entrée [ˈɑntreɪ]: (from French) (in a restaurant or at a formal meal) the main course of the meal (法语)主菜，正菜
49. au revoir
1017.Rachel: Alright, now I really have to go. Okay. Au revoir! Oh, they're gonna really hate me
over there. [She leaves.]
au revoir [ˌɔ rəˈvwɑr]: (from French) goodbye (until we meet again) (法语)再会，再见
二. 来自西班牙语(from Spanish)(共16个)
4. olé
204.Phoebe: Oh, right. Okay. [let him go] Olé.
olé [oʊˈleɪ]: (from Spanish) used for showing approval or happiness (西班牙语)(斗牛、舞蹈、足球等观众的欢呼声)
好极了!
11. enchilada
822.Ross: Come on, finish your enchilada.
enchilada [ˌɛntʃəˈlɑdə]: (from Spanish) a Mexican dish consisting of a tortilla filled with meat and covered with
a spicy sauce (西班牙语)玉米卷饼，是一道墨西哥菜，玉米饼卷上馅料，然后浇上一层辣椒酱。可卷的馅料非常
丰富，有肉馅、奶酪、豆子、土豆等各种组合。
12. jalapeño
822.Rachel: I mean, you'd think the damn jalapeño would've cleared up your sinuses, but no!
jalapeño [ˌhɑləˈpeɪnyoʊ]: (from Spanish) the small green fruit of a type of pepper plant, that has a very hot taste
and is used in Mexican cooking (西班牙语)墨西哥辣椒
三. 来自日语(from Japanese)(共16个)
3. shiatsu
112.Jasmine: We've got a couple changes in your schedule. Your 4 o'clock herbal massage has
been pushed back to 4:30. And Miss Summerfield canceled her 5:30 shiatsu.
shiatsu [ʃiˈɑtsu]: (from Japanese) a form of medical treatment, originally from Japan, in which pressure is applied
to particular parts of the body using the fingers (日语)指压按摩疗法；穴位按压法
5. kimono
122.Ross: [on the phone] Okay, Andre should be there in about 45 minutes. [listens] Uh, yes, sir, the
kimonos are extra. Alrighty, bye-bye.
kimono [kəˈmoʊnoʊ]: (from Japanese) a traditional Japanese piece of clothing like a long loose dress with wide
sleeves, worn on formal occasions; a dressing gown or robe in this style (日语)日本和服
6. karaoke
122.Chandler: I think last night was great. You know the karaoke thing, Tracy and I doing 'Ebony and
Ivory'?
karaoke [ˌkæriˈoʊki]: (from Japanese) a type of entertainment in which a machine plays only the music of popular
songs so that people can sing the words themselves (日语)卡拉OK
四. 来自中文(from Chinese)(共10个)
5. wonton
512.Phoebe: [turning from Ross] No! Hey-hey, that's not a Nutter Butter. That's just an old wonton!
wonton ['wɑntɑn]: (from Chinese) a small piece of food wrapped in dough, often served in Chinese soup or as
dim sum (粤语)云吞；馄饨(1948年进入英语)
10. mahjong
813.Rachel: Oh, oh, my God! I can practically hear the mahjong tiles!
mahjong [ˈmɑʒɑŋ]: (from Chinese) a Chinese game played with small pieces of wood with symbols on them (中文)
麻将(1920年进入英语)
五. 来自意大利语(from Italian)(共6个)
4. latte
103.Rachel: [to Ross] Coffee black. [to Chandler] Latte. [to Monica] And an iced tea. I'm getting pretty
good at this.
latte [ˈlɑteɪ]: (from Italian) a drink made by adding a small amount of strong coffee to a glass or cup of frothy
steamed milk (意大利语)拿铁咖啡，意式拿铁是直接将意式浓咖啡与热牛奶混合，而美式拿铁会再加上一层奶
泡。与卡布奇诺不同的是，拿铁咖啡中牛奶多而咖啡少。一杯地道的美式拿铁，配制的比例是牛奶占70%、奶
泡20%、咖啡10%。
六. 来自德语(from German)(共6个)
6. gesundheit
904.Joey: [to Gunther] Gesundheit! But, uh…Well, this is hard. I'm kind of shy.
gesundheit [ɡəˈzʊnthaɪt]: (from German) used when someone has sneezed to wish them good health (德语)祝你
健康(对刚打喷嚏的人的祝愿)
七. 来自拉丁语(from Latin)(共5个)
4. magna cum laude
410.Chandler: Yeah. You graduated magna cum laude, right?
magna cum laude [ˌmæɡnə kʊm ˈlaʊdi]: (from Latin) at the second of the three highest levels of achievement
that students can reach when they finish their studies at college (拉丁语)以二级优等成绩
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【原创】志萍版老友记英语笔记之构词法：1.派生法、2.合成法、3.转化法
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